Caliphate- Form of governmental structure for Muslims in which the state is united under political and religious leadership, and the Head of State, the Caliph, is a successor to the Prophet Muhammad. 

Caliph- Islamic political leader, successor of God’s messenger. 

Umma- community of Muslims

Amir- leader of a group of Muslims

Faqih- expert of Islamic law and jurisprudence

Fatwa- an Islamic legal opinion provided by a scholar of Islamic law.