In chapter 2: The Language of Science, Technology, and Innovation: A Chimurenga Way of Seeing from Dzimbahwe it introduces the Chimiruenga as the old ways of fighting among vedzimbahwe (those of the houses of stone, dzimba dzemabwe or dzimbahwe), who since colonial times have been called the Shona. In the 1970s, Zimbaweans starting calling the wars of independence chimurenga. The author states that it has three different meanings.First, it refers to the arts of war derived from Murenga, hence chiMurenga, the way of Murenga, or spiritually guided warfare. Murenga is another name for Mwari (God). Second, it is an approach to war involving the whole community, not just those carrying lethal arms. Third, chimurenga is an innovative transformation of zvakatikomberedza (surroundings; caves, mountains, rivers, pools, valleys, forests, animals, and trees) into military assets and infrastructure, with or without physically modifying them. They bring up their ancestors or the spirits of that helped and guided them through the war. They provided them with routes to safety and food to nourish them.

-Nancy Tallas