1. Many Freedmen's teachers were young single women from the North who embraced various educational and cultural backgrounds. They committed to the "ideals of religious and social reforms."

2. Through the monitoring system, teachers divided students into groups according to their knowledge levels and then set advanced students to help beginners. Despite the greater emphasis on rote learning, teachers remained committed to guiding students to "observe and think for themselves" through the lens of common things around them.

3. Charlotte Forten was a prominent educator during the Reconstruction era. She was born into a part of Philadelphia's elite Black community and educated by private tutors. In the 1850s, Forten became involved in the abolitionist movement and wrote several poems for anti-slavery publications such as The Liberator and The Evangelist. Forten taught at many schools on St Helena until the end of the Civil War and was considered "the first African-American freedmen's teacher from the North."

Source: "Charlotte Forten Grimké." National Park Service, 2023,

www.nps.gov/people/charlotte-forten-grimke.htm.