This lesson will attempt to aske students to reflect on both the purpose of the 7th century Pact and the modern legacy. After reading and discussing the Pact of Umar documents students will consider if the Pact of Umar represents a "pre-modern model of toleration" or is it a model for totalitarian regimes to come? Comparative sources could include Orwell's 7 Commandments of Animal Farm, United Nation's Universal Declarations of Human Rights, and the use of Umar's Pact by ISIS.